Which Oil quality
to use
Choosing the right oil is not only essential for the protection of any
motorcycle engine, but also to reduce wear, improve engine, clutch, gearbox and
to clean.
This article will show you the differences between oil types, my reviews
of the main types and disproves many of the oil myths.
As well as what real semi synthetic and
real fully synthetic oil is and why not to always believe the claims on the oil bottles label.
I highly recommend you at least use real semi synthetic oil in any size of 4
stroke motorcycle engine (2 stroke engines have nearly disappeared).
Since motorcycles from around the year 2000 onwards have gradually had stricter
and stricter emission laws,
resulting in the engines running leaner and leaner and other problems (which
generates more and more heat and other things).
As a result the oil quality has become far more critical (even in liquid cooled
engines).
The above paragraph especially includes 125cc engines in my opinion.
Since 125cc average engine revs (rpm) are very high,
small quantity of oil in engine
and many other things.
I would only use motorcycle oil, car oil may work but might cause trouble in
the long term.
There are so many technical reasons why not to use car oil, the main ones are
cars do not use the engine oil in the clutch or gearbox.
Engine oil was never meant to be used in gearboxes, but in motorcycles it
nearly always is (unlike cars),
this means the oil has a much harder job and
life (so motorcycle oil has extra things in it to protect the gearbox and
increase the oil life).
The best car oil also has anti friction chemicals in that will probably result in the
clutch slipping (that is bad) on a motorcycle,
that's because cars do not use the engine oil to lubricate the clutch unlike
nearly all motorcycles.
The best car oil is fully synthetic, using this oil in motorcycles is what
probably started the using motorcycle fully synthetic oil will cause clutch slip
myth.
I would not use a very cheap or unknown brand of motorcycle oil, since it could clog up the filters and or even damage the engine.
Since the free 600 miles service I used real semi synthetic oil (Silkolene
Comp 4 10W-40).
I was running in the engine, so I do not know what it did to the performance,
but the clutch felt a lot smoother.
Real semi synthetic has Ester in it which will protect the engine when cold and also at high revs,
it will also not break down as fast at high engine revs,
so the oil will do more miles before needing to be replaced (I would still
change it early anyway),
unlike mineral oil / fake semi synthetic oil.
Many oils claim to be semi synthetic but are in fact normal mineral oil.
If it has Ester on the label you know it is real semi synthetic or real fully
synthetic,
Silkolene and Motul both state on their bottles label if Ester is in the oil.
I now use Silkolene Pro 4 Plus 5W-40 Fully Synthetic oil (after using
Silkolene Comp 4 for a long time).
The 5W means the oil will be thinner when engine is cold (so engine will be better
protected and lubricated).
The engine has around 1/3 less vibration at the top of the rev range
(this is really good for engine and rider).
The clutch is much better, overheating and varying far less (especially around
town racing between the lights)
and has better traction (friction).
Gearbox is also changing much better (this will be linked to the clutch since
it's not overheating so much),
it even clunks far less severely when you change down at to higher road speed.
Engine is much quieter and might be revving slightly more freely as well.
All the above happened the first time I put Silkolene Pro 4 Plus oil in to
the bike,
My motorcycles oil changes normally leave 20% of the old oil in the bike, so I was
not running 100% new oil.
When it was time to change the oil, I tried to warm the engine up far more
than with the Silkolene Comp 4 oil.
I did 50 miles at high engine revs with a 30 min rest at half distance.
To my amazement the oil drain nut and the oil was substantially cooler than with
the Silkolene Comp 4 oil.
There is a slight chance this was due to a strong cold wind, but I do not think
so.
I think its much cooler because its lubricating and cooling the engine better
(explains the other improvements).
The oil change also brought out a layer of very thick black oil and a little
metal (very little) from the engine.
This is a really good thing, it means the oil is doing a better job of picking
up the thick black oil and metal
that builds up at the bottom of the engine and gets it out of the engine.
After the oil change everything improved again since there is a higher % of Silkolene
Pro 4 Plus in the engine.
Another good thing about Silkolene Pro 4 Plus is its amber in colour (light yellow),
this means its easier to see it darken (on the dip stick) as it gets dirtier in the engine due to
burning deposits etc.
Silkolene Comp 4 is brown so its harder to see the change.
3rd Oil Change with Silkolene Pro 4 Plus (removing the Pro 4 plus for the 2nd
time from engine).
I tried to warm engine up with a 100 mile ride at high revs with a 1 hr stop at
half distance, the oil nut was about as cool as last time (50 mile ride).
There was no thick black oil this time, just a very small amount of black oil at
the bottom (so the previous oil change really did a large amount of cleaning).
Looking at the oil I did get out, it was still a bit dark for my liking, so I
expect its still cleaning the engine out, so next time I expect it to be
lighter.
4th Oil Change, the oil I got out this time was cleaner (lighter) than the 3rd Oil Change but not massively better.
5th Oil Change, checked the clutch plates and centrifugal oil filter to
disprove the myth about fully synthetic oil (see below),
both were perfect and did not need to be checked according to a very experienced
mechanic.
From the results above, I believe my engine, clutch and gearbox are being much better
protected (less wear) with the Silkolene Pro 4 Plus oil,
so I highly recommend you try it (I will only use Silkolene Pro 4 Plus in my
engine due to the results).
Especially if your bike spends a lot of time at high engine revs or a lot of
short journeys
(since its thinner when cold = better lubrication = less engine wear).
The bike used is a Honda CG125, Air Cooled Push Rod engine (very primitive 4
stroke engine), with Euro II emission laws (2004 to 2008).
So if a very primitive engine design likes the very best oil, which most people
thought you only need for high end sports bikes,
you can probably work out its worth trying in your engine.
Silkolene Comp 4 (real semi synthetic) as proved above, is not as good as
Silkolene Pro 4 Plus (real fully synthetic),
but it's cheaper and gives you much better protection than oils that claim to be
semi synthetic (when there not, see later on below for full explanation).
My advice is it really is worth trying Silkolene Pro 4 Plus, it may be more
expensive but you get far more for your money,
in the unlikely event you do not find the improvements in your engine, gearbox
and clutch worth the extra money, just go down to Silkolene Comp 4.
Common myths about fully synthetic motorcycle oil, that many mechanics and
shops still believe.
These myths have been around for many, many years, if confronted with have you
actually experienced it or where is the proof,
all the mechanics / shops I have ever spoken to have no answer, they often claim
it makes sense for some reason or other or they heard or read about it.
To find out if these myths are true you need a motorcycle oil scientist who
works, designs and tests the oils on motorcycles (I managed to speak to one).
Motorcycle fully synthetic oil clutch slip myth has been proved to be wrong earlier on in this article (car oil
fully synthetic was probably used to create slip),
I have also proved it with my own tests, in fact Pro 4 Plus has less slip than
non fully synthetic oil, since Silkolene have admitted to putting a special
additive in it,
after using the oil for many thousands of miles on the old original clutch
plates (checking them after and finding them perfect)
and then many thousands of miles on new EBC clutch plates,
I have absolutely no concerns with the oil.
The motorcycle oil scientist also confirms that motorcycle fully synthetic oil
does not cause clutch slip, its designed not to.
Next myth, you should not go to fully synthetic
motorcycle oil and then down to semi synthetic or mineral oil or visa a versa since it might
cause trouble.
And you should not mix semi synthetic
with fully synthetic or mineral oil (when you change engine oil you never get
all the old oil out).
All I can say about these myths is the logic behind them varies and every reason
I have heard makes no scientific sense.
The motorcycle oil scientist also confirms the myths are wrong.
He even claims that mixing different brands of oil is probably ok (can not be
guaranteed but should be ok).
Below is a full explanation about what is real semi synthetic or real
fully synthetic oil and why you would want it,
as well as why a bottle of oil may claim to be semi synthetic or fully synthetic
when its not.
Mineral oil comes out of the ground.
Synthetic is supposed to be 100% man made.
One company messed around with mineral oil and claimed that since a person
messed about with it, it was now semi synthetic,
there was a legal case and they won.
All they did to the mineral oil was molecularly convert it.
With that logic you could milk a cow and boil the milk and claim its now
semi synthetic.
There are two 100% man made products and they are real synthetics, since they
are nothing to do with mineral oil.
One is Ester, this is what protects your engine when cold and also at high revs.
The other synthetic product is PAO
Ester clings to the parts in the engine and lubricates them,
Mineral oil does not cling as well when the engine is cold, this results in a
lack of oil lubricating the engine,
which is why most engine wear happens when the engine is cold.
Mineral oil also loses its viscosity (thickness) at high temperatures, so at high engine revs, the oil thins and loses its lubrication abilities,
mineral oil also breaks down at high temperatures so must be replaced more
often.
Ester must be mixed with PAO or Mineral oil, else your engine would smash itself
to pieces.
PAO when mixed with Ester results in the ultimate oil (better than Mineral oil
with Ester in it),
but PAO on its own is worse than mineral oil on its own.
Real Fully Synthetic oil should have Ester and PAO in it with no Mineral Oil (or
any form of converted mineral oil).
Real Semi Synthetic oil should have Ester with some form of Mineral Oil in it.
I have tried to find as many brands and models of motorcycle oil as I can in
the UK and work out what's in it.
Finding out what's in the oil has proved to be impossible in nearly every make.
Even when it says fully synthetic it could be 100% messed about with mineral oil
(which may give less protection than normal mineral oil).
Or could be 100% PAO with no Ester in it.
Semi Synthetic as mentioned before also means nothing.
There are loads of names that oil companies have invented to make their oil
sound like its better than others, that actually mean nothing.
PAO, Ester and Mineral oil are the only names that mean anything, they are
scientific facts.
Ester costs a lot more to manufacture than PAO, so some oil companies are tempted to make a PAO only oil with no Ester in it.
The only makes of motorcycle oil I could find in the UK that states on the
bottles label if Ester is in their oil is Silkolene and Motul.
I believe Silkolene Pro 4 Plus is PAO and Ester with no form of Mineral oil in
it.
I expect Motul 300V is the same.
I believe Silkolene Comp 4 is Mineral oil and Ester.
I personally would not trust any make that does not state if Ester is
in the oil.
Even if the manufacturer has a reputation for being very high quality and
expensive, you are relying on trust and they can easily re label someone else's
product.
When to change the Oil
The best advice is to treat the mileage in the Owner's Manual as an absolute
maximum.
The quality of the oil, your riding style and the state of the engine will
all affect how long the oil will protect the engine.
When the oil degrades the oil may be burned and you will notice the oil level
drop on the dip stick (see
How to
check the Oil level below).
Running below the min mark often results in the engine seizing,
the repair bill is normally so high, the engine has to be replaced with a new or
2nd hand one (replacement engines are very expensive).
The other reason for burning oil is the engine is faulty or a part is worn
out.
For example my motorcycles owners manual says change the oil every 2500 miles.
After 1750 miles my bikes oil is still
at maximum on the dip stick, but at 1950 miles its dropped to half way.
So I should change the oil at 1750 miles or before,
if I was desperate I could instead, top up the oil to the max mark (but would
have to do this very regularly since oil has degraded and is being burned).
Please note the mileage your oil will last will be
different to mine, since your riding style, quality of oil and state of the
engine will be different.
I know one person who put low quality oil in his near identical to mine, perfect engine and he starts
burning oil at around 750 miles.
Just because no oil has been burned does not mean its not in need of being
changed, the oil can lose its protection abilities and not be burned.
For instance you might be able to go way over the recommended oil change mileage
and not burn any oil, but the oil and filters become very dirty.
As oil becomes dirtier it will turn darker and darker until it eventually turns
black (which is bad and bungs up filters, see Centrifugal
Oil filter),
even the oil on the dipstick will darken, see
How to check the Oil level section
below.
Short journeys are bad for oil, the engine does not get up to heat and
condensation occurs,
this means the oil will become dirtier per mile than on normal journeys, so you
need to change the oil at less mileage.
Its probably a good idea to change the oil every year (maybe every 6 months), even if you have not done enough miles.
I highly recommend you read my Which Oil quality to use section above to find what Oil quality you should use.
How to change the Oil
See the owners manual.
General advice I can add for 125cc motorcycles.
Warm up engine for at least 3 minutes (idling and revving).
You will get more oil out if you take the bike for a long fast ride to get the
oil as hot as possible, the more oil you get out the better.
I have found 5 miles at 40 mph in 5th gear (nut not to hot) does not get as much
oil out as 17 miles with over half of that over 50 mph in 5th gear (nut very
hot).
Even with gloves on the nut is to hot to touch on the 17 mile trip, you end up
dropping the nut unless you hold it with many layers of cloth or towel to
insulate it.
An oil change never gets all the old oil out of a bike, for instants my
motorcycle
holds 1.1 litres but oil change only needs 0.9 litres.
The owners manual should tell you how much oil the bike holds and how much is
needed for an oil change.
How to check
the Oil level
Remove dip stick
(see owners manual),
wipe the oil off,
put dip stick back in bike but do not screw it in,
the xxxx
marks at the bottom of the dip stick should face sideways (not up and down),
take dip stick out of bike and look were the oil has gone
up to on the dip stick,
the xxxx marks on the bottom of the dip stick mark the min
and max mark.
Its much easier to see the oil in natural daylight than
with a light bulb.
There's no harm going slightly above the max mark, but not
excessively, never run the engine below the min mark (may damage or destroy
engine).
Make sure you check the oil level with the bike on level
ground.
There is an argument whether you should check the oil level with a cold or warm
engine, with a warm engine make sure the engine is switched off for 5 minutes
first.
See When to change the Oil section
above to find out why it is so important to check the Oil level regularly.
Centrifugal Oil
filter
CBF125, CBR125 & YBR125 only.
CBF125 and CBR125 Owners
I have been horrified to find the CBF125 and CBR125 appear to have a
major problem with contamination of the engine oil.
Resulting in the oil strainer being blocked after a very low mileage.
The picture above is from a CBR125 that I read had done 30,000 miles and had
regular oil changes.
But the filters were never checked.
The engine had died and looking at the picture above it looks like oil flow was
severely restricted going through the strainer,
which would have resulted in a lack of oil going around the engine (that often
results in engines seizing / smashing themselves to bits).
It could have been a one off, until I was shown the same thing starting to
happen on a CBF125 at around 7,500 miles (from new).
I have been in contact with this CBF125 owner ever since he bought the bike
brand new and know he has been changing the oil regularly,
has used the best oil and the bike has not been abused (he is not a learner).
Have a look at the Picture
of his CBF125 oil strainer at around 7,500 miles.
That amount of contamination should never have built up over such a small
mileage.
It was desperate to be cleaned and also the centrifugal filter should have been
checked as a result.
Why the CBF125 and CBR125 are so contaminated is unclear at the moment.
The most likely candidate is a very poor quality clutch that is disintegrating /
moulting.
If it is the clutch a very simple remedy would be to fit a high quality brand of
clutch like EBC who make clutches for both bikes.
Removing the Oil Strainer, Centrifugal filter or Clutch is not an easy
operation.
The Oil Strainer is possible, but only if you are very careful and good at
mechanical jobs, it would be easy to damage the engine case (expensive).
My advice is to get a mechanic to do it, but make sure they fit a new engine
case gasket and make them put some grease on it,
so next time you can easily remove it yourself (Honda glue the original gasket
on, so it rips to pieces when you remove the engine case).
Also ask the mechanic to show you how to do the entire job, since you have to
move the clutch cable.
Centrifugal Filter, I highly recommend the first time it is opened, its
opened by a skilled mechanic.
That's because the screws holding it's cover on are probably so tight you will
snap your tools and find them welded to the screw head.
Honda probably used thread lock on the screw threads.
Clutch, if you get the clutch plates in the wrong order it will result in big problems, so again I recommend a mechanic to change / check them.
At the moment I have not been able to find anyone who has replaced the clutch or looked inside the centrifugal filter.
Update, another person has checked their CBF125 oil strainer at around 7,500
miles from new and found nearly the same amount of contamination.
He also managed to check the centrifugal filter and found very little in it, so
little it was not worth checking or cleaning.
YBR125 Owners
The Centrifugal Oil filter is inside the engine and is very hard to get to.
The information below is for my motorcycle (I have received a reliable
report the YBR125 has the same results), so please use it as a general guide,
exact information about mileages and not needing to clean the filter can not be
guaranteed for your bike.
The centrifugal oil filter should not need to be touched as
long as the engine oil has been changed at the correct mileage or before (see
Oil change above).
But some people change the oil every 5000 miles or never,
this means the oil becomes very dirty, the filters then become clogged up and
need to be cleaned.
When the oil gets dirty you will notice the colour
change (goes darker and darker until it goes black when very dirty) and other things,
if you change the oil at the correct mileage or before (see
Oil change above), the oil you drain out should be
similar or identical in colour to the new oil.
Different brands and models of oil can have different colours, the colour will
look lighter when you pour it compared to looking at it in a container.
For example the new oil may look light brown as you pour it but look black when
its in a container.
Most if not all mechanics never clean the Centrifugal Oil filter, including the
Honda ones, unless it has clogged up due to lack of oil changes.
If you have neglected the oil changes and the oil has turned very dark or
black, you maybe able to clean things without doing anything except,
change the oil far more frequently than normal until the oil you take out is
much cleaner,
you can also use an oil with more powerful cleaning abilities (see
Silkolene Pro 4 Plus review in the
Which Oil quality to use section above).
But the methods above will only work if things are not to bad and may or may
not clean things enough.
Even if you or a mechanic clean the centrifugal filter as mentioned below,
I still advise you do the things in the paragraph above to clean everything as
much as possible, ideally do them before and after cleaning the centrifugal
filter.
My motorcycles Owner's Manual claims the Centrifugal Oil
filter should be cleaned every 7500 miles, but the advice is to ignore it.
If the Centrifugal Oil filter has clogged up due to lack of oil changes, you
will have to get it cleaned by a mechanic.
Servicing
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